Process of making vaccine and products thereof



PROCESS OF LIAKING VACCINE AND PRODUCTS THEREOF Filed March 27, 1918JAWS/270E M/wwa? uwsa/y AB) M {W APTTQ/E/VEYE' the This produces aWKNIFURID P. JZJMESQH, E MINNEAPQLIS, MIK'NEEZQTfL lipgdicaiiou filedHutch $311818; Serial. 230. 225,022.

dinery method oi preparing Bacteria she antigens are proiorm ofparticles. There are m tions to this, such as diphtheria toxins than:are usually produced siste. Where the antigens are i the form ofpai'sicles these s ried, upon by the phagocytes, n cilfi i'ilood,- lymphor tissues, and diq estcd, shy interfering wish immunization.

1o hill the bacteria undwlcsvc the in n stoic of diffusion. ing ouhhisprocess I prefer to bacteria in suspension in u suih fluid to is highpressure by means of a suitable as and ihen io-slowly release the fluidon? the concainei in which it- 'is; held, eieby, as the fluid passes outof its contains-n to permit a sudden expansion oif sudden change in ihcosmotic tension of the liuid whereby the hscieric. killed, the expansionof the gas (rs-using their disruption, end the juices, o and protoplasmof the organism are cased in e diiiuscd slate and Without any iii-oichange ill'lQlQlD.

n ihcdrawing which represents an cmnt of an apparatus that may he emfoewu'i'ying out my process, 2 reprewsii of a suitable gas tank coinpreferably curhon dioxide, 1 dcsiz'ci'l pressure, 3 Wall 2. and i is anextuioe fittingg wichin said preferably of steel and hen!" on? sul'ii ctthe x1e antigenic principle thereof forv menus oi the process hereindescz'ihed "ably distilled, or oiher is u cap that iug a, lining 5 ofhim or similar material. 6 is a port which communicates with the tankand with the interior of thctuhe. 7 is a coiled spring seated on the cap3 within the tube 4. 8 is an ordinary test tube fitting within. the tube4-, seated on the spring 7, and having an open top, the walls of saidiest tube being spaced from the Walls of the tube i i0 provide aciicuiating passage for the gas between them. 9 is a head having arecess 10 therein to receive the threaded end of the tube 4 and 11 is :1socket in the bottom of said recess encircled by a flange 12. 13 is 3Vconcave seat in the bottom of said recess and 14 is a port leading fromsaid seal; inton chamber 15 provided in the upper part o'l. head 9. i6is a. sect encircling the port is, and 17 is a valve carried by a cap-18nnd fitting the seat 16 to close The leading from the chamber 15 to aspout 21 wvhxch may be connected to u test tube to which the bacteriaare delivered.

5 A tuhc 13-3 hasifs upper end fitting within is soclicl ll and itslower end rest-in on the bottom of ihe nest lube 8 without formingaclose joint LllQ-LQ'Wltll so that; the fluid with the bacteria insuspcnsion therein will be forced by the use up through the tube 13 andinto the chamber 15 when ihe valve 17 is opened.

'In carrying out the process, water preferfluid of low osmotic tensiohwith bacteria in suspension is placed within the tube and connected withthe gas under pressure. This gas is soluble in wsicr and as it entersthe test tube it dis solves in the fluid therein, and when the valveleading ho the chamber is opened slightly, the fluid will be forced upthrough the port i i and out into the chamber 15. As the fluid chargedwith leaves the port 14, the liberation or sudden release of the gaswill desiroy certain bacteria in the fluid 01' such bacteria may havebeen de or contents of the cells released. This ma terial will becollected in the chamber 15 from which'it may be drawn for use in makingvaccines or immunizing material.

Vaccines are ordinarily prepared by growing the bacteria on a suitableculture medium, suspending them in salt solution and subjecting the sameto heat suliicicnt to kill the bacteria. These dead organisms are theninjected into the individual at proper intervals in an eilort to createimmunity against the particular infection. The shortcomings of vaccinesprepared by this method are (1') that the heat necessary to destroy thebacteria changes them so that the dead bacteriado not form the immunebodies necessary to counteract the germs in the liv* ing state; (2) thedeed germs injected are in a corpuscular or solid state and they aretaken up, that is, incorporated by the fighting cells of the body,commonly known as phagocytes, the result of which is that the vaccine isdigested and hence its immunizing property is lost.

y my method of preparing vaccines it is not. necessary to kill the germsby heat. They are killed by suspending: them in a suitable fluid,usually distilled water, containing carbon dioxide under pressure. Thecarbon dioxide dissolved in the Water suspending the bacteria passesinto the bacteria according to the law of osmosis. When the bacterialcells have been filled, so to speak, with this carbon dioxide, thepressure is suddenly released, causing the'gs's to escape from the fluidand the bacteria, killing the latter by the sudden change in the osmotictension of the fluid and at the same time disrupting them. Theadvantages of re a'rirn vaccines b this method. are 1 the bacterialproteins are not denatured as is the case when heat is applied; (2) thegerms are converted from the corpuscular or solid state to a colloidalor fluid state,

and as a result of this the bacteriacannot be surrounded andincorporatedby the phagocytes and can, therefore, innnunize theindividual in away that cannot be accomplished when the vaccines areemployed, made from bacteria killed by the. usual methods.

lVhile the apparatus herein illustrated and described is suitable. forcarrying out the process herein described and claimed. I do not limitmyself to the use of any particular form or arrangement of theapparatus, as the stops constitutin the process may be performed bymeans 0 any apparatus suitable for the purpose.

By a fluid of low osmotic tension as used herein I mean a fluid suclrasdistilled water, which contains a minimum of solid matter in solution.

In my co-pcnding application Serial No.

new, its

223,781, filed March 21, till-S. ior making vaccine, 1 have and claimedan apparatus or device suitable for carrying out the process hereindescribed. It is obvious, however, that other devices differing fromthat ill strated in this smilication. and described and claimed in mycopending aplication may be used for per forming tie steps of thisprocess.

1 claim as my invention:

1. A process of making vaccine or inn munizing material, consisting insuliijcciaing the bacteria, held in suspension in a fluid having thequality of entering the bacterial cell by osmosis, to gas under pressurein such fluid, and. then drawing off the mixture and liberating the gas,thereby killing and. dis rupting the bacteria and releasing the contents of the cells.

9.. A process of treating bacteria for .uniiring vaccine orinuuuniaingg" u'mtciul, cow sisting in subiectiug; bacteria held in mspension in fluid having the snails." oi entering the bacterial cell byosmosis will n a. closed chamber to a under pr: like that soluble insuch fluid, then relca; up; the mixture and liberating the gas, therebykilling and disrupting" the bacteria. and re leasing the contents of thecells.

3. A process of treating bacteria for melt ing vaccine or iunnuuiziugnuiierial. con in; in subjecting! bacteria bold in suspou in u .tluid oflow osmotic tension to -IS under pressure soluble in such fluid. andthen liberating the gas and thereby killing? and (.lisrupting" thebacteria and releasing the contents of the cells.

4:. A. process of melting: vaccine or inrmunizing material, whichconsists in subjet-ting bacteria held in suspension. in water or otherfluid oi low osmotic tension to a gas under pressure soluble in suchfluid, and then drawing oil the niixtusc and libcriiting the gas, andthereby killing and dis rupting the bacteriaaud releasing: the contentsof the cells.

5. The process of producing vaccine which consists in subjccting,material to a gas which is inert with relation to the materiel b treatedunder pressure For a ]'I (il "(l o2" ti suiiicicnr, to cause heorganisms in terialto become saturated and :1 s? tlQDlY iBlQZLSHIQ theprc wu'r ivlinreb ilu till its

immunizing ma'bmial from paflwgenic orwithin the organisms will disrupt;afihe same. ggwisms' which consissizs in. subjecting such 8. Immunizingmaterial or vaccine, in a urganisma $0 an insist gas under pressurecolloidal 0r fluid condition, consisting of 10 for a1. parind of time azifiiciem to cause said bswteiia disrupted by internal as pressure.Wurgmisms $0, bacome SFiZRHMZ-EQ by the gas, In witness wheregf, E haveemu'nto set mid then suddenly migasing this. pressure, my hand this lfidedfy of March, 1918. Whemby sudden expansion (if the gas VINFORD P.LAB/SUN.

